NLD Syringing and probing Probing for NLD Syringing and probing: • only performed if the puncta are patent. • Anaesthetic •...

Retinal vasculitis To define the case as retinal vasculitis you should have the following findings in Retinal vasculitis 1)vitreous cells (if...

Cortical Blindness Severe, often total, visual loss in both eyes lesions optic radiations or visual cortex in both cerebral hemispheres Common...

Common entropion operations Everting sutures with or without horizontal shortening ( entropion operations ) • indicated in Retractors dehiscence with or...

✍️ Marfan ( Common Ophthalmic Connective tissue disorders ) : • AD • Fibrillin deficiency • Ectopia lentis  • Myopia  •...

Screening inclusion criteria in Retinopathy of Prematurity : All babies born at <31wk gestational age or <1,251g birthweight (must be screened...

Specific Signs of Optic Disc Changes In Glaucoma : • Optic disc cupping • Large optic cup (vertical CDR 0.7...

Ocular associations of Down Syndrome ✍️✍️✍️Anterior segment in Ocular associations of Down Syndrome : Lid (blepharitis, epicanthal fold, mongoloid slant) •...

Diabetic Cataracts There are two pathogenic mechanisms in diabetic cataracts....” Pathophysiology of Diabetic Cataracts Osmotic effect In following sequence for Diabetic...

Hints of Subjective refraction After finishing Retinoscopy Remove working distance lenses  ROOM LIGHTS ON  Occlude eye not being tested Check...